| Knowledge Area | Initiating | Planning | Executing | Monitoring & Controlling | Closing |
| Quality Management | Plan quality management | Perform Quality Assurance | Control Quality |
7 Basic Quality Tools
- Cause and effect diagram: This is also referred to as Ishikawa diagram or a fishbone diagram. Helps in identifying the causes and subcauses in a structured manner.
- Check sheet: It is a simple data recording tool. It consists of a simple template to capture the number of occurrences of something using tally marks.
- Control chart: It is a running chart in time with an Upper Control Limit (UCL) and a Lower Control Limit (LCL) based on statistical computation. These are used to understand how a process changes over time and whether a process is in control.
- Histogram: A chart used to represent the distribution of some parameter graphically. Hence, the y-axis is the frequency and the x-axis is some parameter.
- Pareto chart: The Pareto principle or 80/20 rule states that 80% of outcomes result from 20% of causes. This chart is a visual representation of the same from most to least significant.
- Scatter plot or diagram: A scatter plot helps in understanding and analyzing the potential relationships between two variables.
- Stratification: Using this data is broken down into multiple categories to help derive insights.
Dr. Selvaraj Vadivelu 